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Absolute Zero. The lowest temperature ever possible. It was in 1665 , Robert Boyle give a thought on “Primum Frigidum”, the source of all cold in this world. Scientists assumed of achieving this unattainable, by drawing heat from a source to a sink, till all the heat from the source drains to the sink, resulting in the extreme cold temperature. But to achieve absolute zero, you will have to do the work infinitely. The absolute zero temperature has a value of -273.15⁰ C or 0K. The lowest temperature ever recorded in this world is −240°C by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in permanently shadowed craters near the lunar south pole. However, scientists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology achieved 0.45 nano kelvin and scientists at the Helsinki University of Technology had achieved a temperature of 0.1 nano kelvin in a piece of rhodium metal in 1999.

The temperature implies motion. It is obvious that lower temperature reduces the motion of particles.And it is usual to feel that , at the ever lowest temperature possible, the atoms and electrons will have zero kinetic energy and will stop moving. How much do you think this is valid? The nature always play tricky games in and around. The fact is , the lowest temperature can’t bring the atoms and electrons to rest. This is where the Quantum Mechanics come in to act. This can be proved via Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which says the more precisely we know a particle’s speed, the less we know about its position, and vice versa.

The atoms or electrons coming to rest implies, their position is exact and velocity is zero. Which is not true by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Thus the atoms and electrons still move, and it has been found out that, there are chemical reactions which still happen at the lowest temperatures. Moreover, at these temperatures, atoms and molecules won’t collide as usual. Quantum Mechanical laws become more clear and applicable, with the wave function and operations of wave functions become more critical. Studying of these phenomena can give us more insight in to the secrets of nature. Moreover, it could help us develop more sophisticated instruments and systems to make the research and living in outer space possible.